Acronym Definition
VMDZ Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
VMDZ Marine Photographic Squadron (US Marine Corps aviation unit designation
1920s to 1940s)
VMDZ vector meson dominance
VMDZ Vehicle Monitoring Devices
VMDZ Vehicle-Mounted Detectors
VMDZ Versatile Multilayer Discs
VMDZ Vertical Magnetic Dipole
VMDZ Veterinary Medicines Directorates (United Kingdom)
VMDZ Video Motion Detection
VMDZ Video Motion Detectors
VMDZ Vintage Motorcycle Days (sponsored by the American Motorcyclist
Association)
VMDZ Virtual Magnetic Dipole
VMDZ Visual Merchandising Displays
VMDZ Visual Molecular Dynamics (molecular graphics software)
VMDZ Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy
VMDZ Vlaamse Milieu Deskundigen
VMDZ Volumetric Mean Diameter
VMDZ Virtual Maritime Defense Zone
VMDZ Virtual Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina - El Plumerillo (Airport Code)
VMDZ Virtual Missile Danger Zone
VMDZ Virtual Moskauer Deutsche Zeitung (Moscow German newspaper)
VMDZ Virtual Musik Der Zukunft
VMDZ Veterinary Medicine Doctors
A veterinarian (North American English) or a veterinary surgeon (British
English), often shortened to vet, is a physician for animals and a practitioner
of veterinary medicine. The word comes from the Latin veterinae meaning "draught
animals." The word "veterinarian" was first used in English by Thomas Browne
(1605-1682).
Overview
Although veterinarians in many countries may have been awarded with doctoral
degrees and receive extensive training in veterinary medical practice, there are
many career fields open to those with veterinary degrees other than clinical
practice. Those that do work in clinical settings often practice medicine in
specific fields, such as companion animal or "pet" medicine, livestock medicine,
equine medicine (e.g. sport, race track, show, rodeo), laboratory animal
medicine, reptile medicine, or ratite medicine or they may specialize in medical
disciplines such as surgery, dermatology or internal medicine, after
post-graduate training and certification.
Many veterinarians pursue post-graduate training and enter research careers and
have contributed many advances in many human and veterinary medical fields,
including pharmacology. Research veterinarians were the first to isolate
oncoviruses, Salmonella species, Brucella species, and various other pathogenic
agents. Veterinarians were in the fore-front in the effort to suppress malaria
and yellow fever in the United States, and a veterinarian was the first to note
disease caused by West Nile Virus in New York zoo animals. Veterinarians
determined the identity of the botulism disease-causing agent; produced an
anticoagulant used to treat human heart disease; and developed surgical
techniques for humans, such as hip-joint replacement, and limb and organ
transplants.
Like physicians, veterinarians must make serious ethical decisions about their
patients' care. For example, there is ongoing debate within the profession over
the ethics of performing declawing of cats and docking or cropping tails and
ears, as well as "debarking" dogs and in the housing of sows in gestation
crates.
Education and regulation
A veterinarian gives an injection to a goldfishPrerequisites for admission
include the undergraduate studies listed under veterinary medicine and extensive
veterinary and other animal-related experience (typically about 1000 or more
hours combined). The average veterinary medical student has an undergraduate GPA
of 3.5 and a GRE score of approximately 1350. US graduates are awarded either a
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) or the less common Veterinariae Medicinae
Doctoris (VMD) degree, the latter if they are a graduate of the University of
Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary school lasts for four
years just like human medicine programs, with at least one year being dedicated
to clinical rotations. After completion of the national board examination, some
newly-accredited veterinarians choose to pursue residencies or internships in
certain (usually more competitive) fields.
There are some inconsistencies concerning the titles awarded upon completion of
veterinary studies. In Great Britain and Ireland, a qualified veterinary surgeon
merely holds a Bachelor's Degree (BVSc). In continental Europe and other regions
adhering to the Bologna regulations of university education, the graduate is
awarded a Master's Degree (MVM) that allows him/her to practice clinically. In
these regions, the Doctorate (Dr. med. vet. or DVM) is a postgraduate title that
requires the writing of an original scientific research dissertation. This can
sometimes cause confusion when comparing the North American DVM title to the
European DVM.
There is some reciprocal international recognition of veterinary degrees. For
example:
Veterinarians graduating from AVMA (North American accredited universities),
(e.g. Glasgow, Edinburgh, Royal Veterinary College, Sydney, Massey, Murdoch,
Melbourne, etc.) may work in the USA after passing the NAVLE, a veterinary
licensing exam taken by all American veterinarians. Graduates from these
Universities are granted a BVSc degree which has been accredited in the US and
Canada and is equivalent to the DVM and VMD degrees.
Non-AVMA accredited university graduates must also sit a week long Clinical
Proficiency Examination in order to work in the USA.
In the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth nations, a veterinary surgeon is an
animal practicioner regulated by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons under
the Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966. This legislation restricts the treatment of
animals in the UK to qualified veterinary surgeons only, with certain specific
exceptions, including physiotherapy, chiropractic, osteopathy, under the
supervision of a veterinary surgeon. Various alternative medicine therapies
(such as homeopathy, acupuncture, herbal medicine) can only be performed by a
veterinary surgeon.
Career
In the United States veterinarians in private practice earn an average salary of
$66,590 per year, while those working for the US government average $78,769 per
year (2004 Bureau of Labor Statistics data). More recent data from the American
Veterinary Medical Association reports median earnings of $77,500-$98,500, for
all types of private, public, and corporate veterinarians. Most veterinarians
are paid based on production, rather than a straight salary, so earnings can
vary based on type of practice, location of practice, and even the season of the
year.
The economic outlook for newly graduated veterinarians is clouded by the high
debt level carried by many graduates, as the cost of veterinary medical
education rises. As in other medical fields, new veterinarians tend to
concentrate in urbanized areas and economic competition is limiting
post-graduate opportunities in private practice. On the other hand,
veterinarians are able to set-up successful new practices in established markets
by providing special services such as an emergency and critical care clinics for
pets and mobile veterinary clinics or by obtaining advanced training and
certification in specialty fields of medicine. More than 3,800 veterinarians in
the USA currently work at veterinary schools where they participate in research
and teach vet students; teaching is another career path for a veterinarian.
This article does not cite any references or sources. (November 2006)
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.
Regulatory medicine
Some veterinarians work in a field called regulatory medicine, ensuring a
nation's food safety, e.g. the USDA FSIS, or work by protecting a country from
imported exotic animal diseases. e.g the USDA APHIS. The emerging field of
conservation medicine involves veterinarians even more directly with human
health care, providing a multidisciplinary approach to medical research that
also involves environmental scientists.
Government
A U.S. Army veterinarian inoculates a chicken with an anti-mite solution at a
medical assistance visit to a nomadic village in Paktya, Afghanistan.Public
health medicine is another option for veterinarians. Veterinarians in government
and private laboratories provide diagnostics and testing services. Some
veterinarians serve as state epidemiologists, directors of environmental health,
and directors of state or city public health departments. Veterinarians are also
employed by the US Agriculture Research Service, Fish and Wildlife Service,
United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Library of Medicine, and
National Institutes of Health. The military also employs veterinarians in a
number of capacities — caring for pets on military bases, caring for military
working animals, controlling various arthropod-borne diseases, or as food safety
inspectors. There are several U.S Senators who are veterinarians, including
Wayne Allard (R) Colorado, and John Ensign (R) Nevada.
In popular culture
Perhaps the best known depictions of a veterinarian at work are in the
autobiographical books by James Alfred Wight, better known to his readers as
James Herriot. Dr. Wight's books were also made into a famous BBC adaptation,
All Creatures Great and Small. The most popular in mainstream media is Dr.
Dolittle, which was a children's book turned into a movie in 1967 with Rex
Harrison in the title role. The movie was then remade in 1998 casting Eddie
Murphy as Dr. Dolittle. The original Dr. Dolittle involved an island as the main
setting, whereas the remake of Dr. Dolittle has a setting in a city.
The US-based cable network Animal Planet, because of its animal-based
programming, features shows about veterinarians frequently. Two of its most
notable shows about vets are Emergency Vets and E-Vet Interns, both set at
Alameda East Veterinary Hospital in Denver, Colorado.
In the hit TV-show "Grey's Anatomy", the main character (Meredith) dates a vet
named Finn Dandridge for several episodes. Their first date was interrupted when
Finn received a call to birth a horse. Later, Finn helps diagnose Meredith's
dog, Doc, which she shares with Derek Shepherd. Sadly, the dog has to be put to
sleep. Finn becomes known as "McVet" by many of the interns at the hospital,
following the show's tradition of McLabeling.
VMDZ Versatile Multilayer Discs
Versatile Multilayer Disc (VMD or HD VMD) is a high-capacity red laser optical
disc technology designed by New Medium Enterprises, Inc.. VMD is intended to
compete with the blue laser HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc formats and has an initial
capacity of up to 30GB per side.
At CeBIT in March 2006, NME demonstrated a prototype VMD player and announced
that they were expecting to launch the format in the third quarter of 2006. At
the Custom Electronic Design & Installation Association trade show in September
2007, NME exhibited two players set for release in October 2007. There will be
20 US titles available at launch time, inlcuding many from Icon Productions.
They have also signed a deal with Bollywood production company Eros Group who
intend to release 50 Bollywood features on the format.
The two initial players to be released are the ML622S and the ML775S. The ML622S
will cost approximately $150 USD. The ML775S will cost slightly more and include
USB ports (for connection to external storage devices) and a media-card
reader.[1]
Technical Specifications
Disc Format
Although initial details are sketchy, it appears that the format uses 5 GB per
layer, similar to standard DVDs. The larger formats come from adding more
layers. Whereas DVDs hold up to 2 layers per side, standard VMDs can use 4
layers, for 20 GB of storage. There are also reports of 8- and 10-layered
versions which can hold 40 and 50 GB, respectively.
The Blu-ray Disc and HD DVD formats use blue-violet lasers, rather than VMD's
red laser, which means they can store more information per layer. However, those
formats have so far announced only 1- and 2-layered versions with experimental
4-layer versions some way ahead. Therefore, a standard 4-layer VMD stores 20 GB
which is comparable to a 1-layered HD DVD (15 GB) and 1-layer Blu-ray Disc (25
GB).
Content Format
The HD VMD format is capable of HD resolutions up to 1080p which is comparable
with Blu-ray and HD DVD. Video is encoded in MPEG-2 and VC-1 formats at a
maximum bitrate of 40 Megabits per second. This falls between the maximum
bitrates of HD-DVD (36 Mbit/s) and Blu-ray (48 Mbit/s). There is the possibility
that VMD discs may be encoded with the H.264 format in the future.
The HD VMD format supports up to 7.1-channel Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital Plus,
and DTS audio output, though it will not offer Dolby TrueHD or DTS Master Audio
surround-sound codecs.
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their accounts to play RuneScape at least once per month. RuneScape offers both
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straining system resources. One of the best website that discussed various
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character representations of themselves. As with most massive multiplayer online roleplaying games (MMORPG), there is no overall objective or end to the game.
Players explore, form alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for
rewards and to build character's skills.
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RuneScape takes place in the fantasy-themed realm of Gielinor, which is divided
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